Hysteroscopy allows a clinician to view the inside of the uterus using an instrument passed through the vagina and cervix. It can be used to assess the uterine cavity and, in selected cases, treat abnormalities during the same procedure. It does not require an abdominal incision. ASRM: laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.
When may it be useful?
It may be considered when symptoms or previous tests suggest polyps, fibroids affecting the cavity, adhesions or other abnormalities. Initial assessment may include ultrasound and other less invasive tests. The specialist should explain what the procedure is looking for and how the findings could change the care plan. ASRM: infertility evaluation, 2021.
An unsuccessful IVF attempt does not, by itself, mean that everyone needs hysteroscopy. After repeated failures, reassessing the uterine cavity may be reasonable; the choice of test depends on the history, findings and previous assessments. Hysteroscopy has not been shown to improve outcomes in all patients with failed IVF attempts and normal uterine ultrasound findings. ASRM: recurrent implantation failure, 2026.
Pain, setting and preparation
The experience of pain varies. Before consenting to the procedure, discuss pain-management options, preparation and whether it will take place in an office or surgical centre. The decision depends on the procedure and your needs. Available options should be explained individually; a pain-free experience should not be promised. ACOG: pain management for in-office uterine and cervical procedures, 2025.
Risks and follow-up
Ask about bleeding, infection, uterine injury and complications related to the fluid used during the procedure. Confirm which symptoms may be expected, when to seek care and how you will receive biopsy results, if a biopsy is taken. Recovery depends on what is done. ASRM: laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.
Questions for your consultation
- Will it be diagnostic, operative, or could it involve both?
- What alternatives are available, and how will pain be managed?
- What benefit is expected in my case, and what are its limits?
- What follow-up will I need?
Request an individual assessment at ViaFERT. This is educational information; no procedure guarantees pregnancy or live birth.