EMBRYO TESTING WITH DEFINED LIMITS
Preimplantation genetic testing: PGT uses and limits
PGT evaluates cells sampled from an embryo created through IVF. Depending on the indication, it may assess chromosome number or a known inherited condition, but it does not test every disease or guarantee implantation or a healthy birth.
Indication first
The exact type of PGT is chosen for a defined clinical question.
Laboratory coordination
Biopsy, freezing, result categories and timing are explained.
Residual risk
Inconclusive, mosaic and untested conditions remain possible.
DIFFERENT TESTS, DIFFERENT QUESTIONS
What PGT may be designed to evaluate
PGT-A, PGT-M and PGT-SR address different questions. Genetic counseling helps clarify whether testing is appropriate and how results could change decisions.
Chromosome screening
PGT-A estimates chromosome copy number in the sampled cells; it is not a complete health test.
Known inherited conditions
PGT-M requires case-specific preparation for a defined familial condition.
Structural rearrangements
PGT-SR may be considered when a genetic contributor has a confirmed chromosome rearrangement.
FROM COUNSELING TO RESULT
How testing fits into an IVF cycle
Define the indication
Review history, diagnosis, genetics and alternatives.
Create and culture embryos
Complete IVF and reach the stage appropriate for biopsy.
Biopsy and freeze
Sample cells and cryopreserve embryos while testing is performed.
Interpret and plan
Review result categories, residual risk and transfer options.
DECISION SUPPORT
A result is not a guarantee
Biopsy samples only some cells, laboratories use defined thresholds and embryo development remains biologically variable. Prenatal screening or diagnosis may still be recommended after pregnancy.
- Confirm the exact PGT type and clinical question.
- Discuss the possibility of no result or no embryo suitable for transfer.
- Review prenatal testing recommendations before treatment.
Important limitation: PGT cannot detect every genetic or developmental condition and cannot guarantee implantation, pregnancy or live birth.
Ask whether PGT answers your clinical question
Share genetic reports, family history and prior IVF results for an individual review before committing to testing.
